Instead of Circuit Theory, gain equations are extracted from a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) by Mason’s Gain Formula. Voltage Signal Analysis (VSA) creates a SFG from the Circuit Schematic. Both the ...

Errors can creep in upstream of the ADC along the analog signal chain as the signal to be digitized is acquired and ...

This article presents a practical approach to the layout design of mixed-signal boards, discussing component placement, board layering, and ground-plane considerations.

For example, in AM radio, the voltage (amplitude) of a carrier with a fixed center frequency (the station's channel) is varied (modulated) by the analog audio signal. AM is also used for digital data.