Active power dispatch and reactive power optimization problems are usually handled separately in active distribution systems, aiming at minimizing the total generation cost or transmission losses.

Shortly, power distribution grids will incorporate large amounts of distributed energy resources and flexible loads, allowing the operation of a portion of the network in islanded mode to increase the ...

After a 1.34-GW nuclear power plant in Gundremmingen, Germany, was removed from the power grid, measures were required to ensure grid stability with respect to inertia and reactive power compensation.