In 1901, building on the earlier work of Matteuci and Waller, Einthoven created the first string galvanometer and assigned letters to each specific deflection.1 This was the birth of the ECG as we ...

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) refers to a range of conditions that disrupt normal breathing patterns during sleep, including apnoeas, hypopnoeas and/or hypoventilation. It affects between 2% and 11 ...

Asthma is one of the most common chronic disorders of childhood. The typical symptoms are a result of reversible airway obstruction. There is no ‘gold-standard’ test to diagnose asthma, but the most ...

Optimising patient experience is a key part of effective healthcare for adults. Babies, children and young people are entitled to the same high-quality healthcare experience. This is the first ...

One amber observation: Contact SHO/ANNP/Senior midwife. Verbal management plan or review. Repeat observations in 30 min. Two amber or one red observation: immediate review. NEW, newborn early warning ...

Acute appendicitis is the most important cause of abdominal pain in children and is the commonest that requires emergency surgery. Prompt diagnosis, immediate referral and expeditious surgery should ...

Hypertension in children is a relatively uncommon condition but its prevalence is increasing with the rising rates of excess weight during childhood. It is important that hypertension is diagnosed ...

Electronic data are increasingly recorded in clinical practice. Just as advances in genetics have gradually led to clinical benefit1 so too are ‘big data’ bringing tangible advances to patient care.2 ...

Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) pose a particular challenge to diagnosis. Although individually rare, improved diagnostics and greater awareness have shown that the incidence is much greater than ...

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm babies is a serious gastrointestinal emergency with potentially devastating consequences. Prompt and accurate diagnosis continues to be a challenge for ...

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is well established in adult emergency medicine and critical care. It is used for immediate diagnosis and evaluation of the impact of bedside interventions in the ...

Children with chronic constipation presenting to the emergency department—can we reduce hospital admissions and invasive interventions with a rapid access bladder and bowel nursing pathway?