You develop the reference-design procedure with a zener diode; the zener's simplicity illustrates the design procedure, and its problems make you appreciate IC references. The circuit specifications ...

3. The TI LM4040 2.5-V voltage-reference curve shows its high voltage accuracy even when biased well below 100 µA. Using the same 12-V example as above, but with 75 µA for I z instead of 5 mA ...

The NPN transistor in saturation has a V CE(sat) voltage drop of about 0.20V-0.25V which, when added to the 1.25V drop of the internal regulator, will yield a total voltage drop of 1.45V-1.50V. Using ...

How about: Evad’s Zener Diode Indispensable Article: [1] Specify your maximum input voltage requirements. [2] Specify your minimum input voltage requirements.

Since the 1970s the voltage reference inside the highest precision commercial voltmeters has been a zener diode. For example, the current “champion”, the HP/Agilent3548A is based on an LTZ1000.

Zener Diode Series Has Low Breakdown Voltage Nov. 30, 2005 Central Semiconductor, manufacturer of discrete semiconductors, recently released the CMXSTB Series surface-mount stabistors packaged in ...