However, by acknowledging the abstract while situating thinking in the concrete, then we may be able to more realistically shift instructional practice towards a new vision of learning.

Concrete thinking is connected closely ... to put themselves in other people’s shoes (to use an abstract-thinking metaphor), learning how to empathize. The exercise of empathy is considered ...

While concrete thinking is needed, relying exclusively or too much on this style of thinking can impede learning ... more complex forms of thinking, like abstract thinking.‌ ...

Concrete thinking is a necessary first step in understanding abstract ideas ... babies are constantly observing their environments, learning primarily through their five senses.