If you've ever been on a treadmill and thought, "This feel like torture," you're not far from the truth. In order to reform idle convicts and combat crime that plagued the Victorian era ...
Some, like the treadmill at the Vagrants Prison in Coldbath Fields ... The penal treadmill was “the perfect punishment” by Victorian standards, according to academic Vybarr Cregan-Reid.
Take them to the transportation ships. 1880, a Police man in the traditional uniform of the Victorian period. Prison discipline,1884. A Dartmoor prisoner turning the crank as solitary punishment.