injury location, the presence or absence of bony avulsion, the presence or absence of Stener lesion, and the retrospective nature of most of the studies. There is also significant performance bias ...

Background Elbow ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are common injuries in adolescent athletes, particularly overhead athletes. Surgical UCL incidence and outcomes are well-researched, but ...

Objectives: Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is a frequent injury of the hand. When untreated, this injury may lead to decreased pinch strength, pain, instability, and osteoarthritis.