Instead of Circuit Theory, gain equations are extracted from a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) by Mason’s Gain Formula. Voltage Signal Analysis (VSA) creates a SFG from the Circuit Schematic. Both the ...

Try to look for signal flow in the schematic. The inputs send signals thru the input impedances to the op-amp. The op-amp output sends a feedback signal thru Zf to the inverting input. Signal flow ...

Transfer functions of linear systems, block diagrams and signal flow graphs. Sensitivity, control of transient response, disturbance signals. Time domain performance: steady state errors, performance ...