A medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear affects the inside of the knee. The tough MCL ligament fibers that connect the end of the femur (thigh bone) and the top of the tibia (shin bone ...

Symptomatic medial instability not improved with conservative treatment usually requires surgery in the form of proximal advancement of the ... the PCL only after rupture of the appropriate collateral ...

It usually possesses a median ridge that divides the proximal patella into medial and ... is composed of the vastus medialis and patellofemoral ligament, the midportion is composed of the medial ...