A backtest shows that using a composite Z-score, based on PC ... at backtested quantitative strategies for the S&P 500 based on price-to-book value (PTBV), price-to-earnings (PE) and price ...

For example, some investors use a z-score range of -3.0 to 3.0 because 99.7% of normally distributed data falls in this range, while others might use -1.5 to 1.5 because they prefer scores closer ...

To screen out such weak companies, the DIY investors can make use of the Altman Z-score that predicts the ... 0.6 * (book value of equity/book value of total liabilities) + 1.0 * (sales/total ...