A single DNA nucleotide, the base unit of the human genome, is a tiny, tiny thing. Each one is made up of only 30 atoms (plus or minus a few, depending on the base), making it much too small to be ...

and a nitrogenous base. Adjacent ribose nucleotide bases are chemically attached to one another in a chain via chemical bonds called phosphodiester bonds. Unlike DNA, RNA is usually single-stranded.

A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus. Nucleotides are the units which, when linked sugar to ...

Genomic sequencing Genomic sequencing is the process by which the sequence of nucleotide bases is determined for individual genes or even entire genomes.

Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication. For example, during replication, a thymine ...

When a cell divides, the process of DNA replication is very carefully controlled to preserve the genetic information encoded within the nucleotide base sequence. However, changes in the genome do ...