These electrons can easily be driven out of equilibrium, for example, by applying Joule heating 4. A key feature of these circuits ... to study the statistical physics and thermodynamics of ...

Inductors are everywhere, from power supplies and filters to transformers and even your smartphone. But what exactly is an ...

Such nonlinearity in a circuit ensures an unequal spacing between energy levels, so that the lowest levels can be individually addressed by using external fields (see, for example, refs 1–9).

What do series and parallel circuits have to do with Christmas lights? In this episode of Crash Course Physics ... can solve for the remaining one. For example, you can take a bunch of resistors ...