The Trid function has no local minimum except the global one. It is shown here in its two-dimensional form. Adorio, E. P., & Diliman, U. P. MVF - Multivariate Test Functions Library in C for ...

The function is usually evaluated on the hypercube x i ∈ [-32.768, 32.768], for all i = 1, …, d, although it may also be restricted to a smaller domain. Adorio, E. P., & Diliman, U. P. MVF - ...

Recent advances in estimation techniques have underscored the growing importance of shrinkage estimation and balanced loss functions in the analysis of multivariate normal distributions.