This is a very simple form of our trapdoor function. “G to the a mod n” represents our final public key (mod is short for modular arithmetic, which restricts our answer to a certain limit of numbers, ...

Euler noticed something about modular arithmetic and exponentiation. Let's look at the powers of 3-- 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, and so on. And let's look at them all mod 10.

In modular arithmetic that would be 11 mod 5 = 1. Modular arithmetic is great for encryption as it the basis of one-way functions, i.e. functions which are easy to calculate in one direction, but ...

An example is the addition of modular arithmetic to the vector instruction sets of some RISC-V processors. In the meantime, there are major software process changes developers will need to make. To ...

Foundational research in the arithmetic aspects of supersingular isogeny-based schemes continues to provide valuable insights into optimising modular arithmetic and group operations, reinforcing ...

If you are familiar with modular arithmetic, that’s wonderful. If not,no biggie. Cryptography has been around for thousands of years, and currently has a very robust community of professionals ...