Building logic gates out of silicon is old hat, as is building them from discrete transistors, 555 chips, LEGO, and even gears. [Yukio-Pegio Gunji] and [Yuta Nishiyama] from Kobe University, along … ...

The evolution of molecules capable of performing boolean operations1,2,3,4 has gone a long way since the inception of the first molecular AND5 logic gate, followed by other logic functions, such ...

Pairs of gates can be used to create AND and OR logic based on the levels of output observed. When a pair of gates are both off, output is low; it's higher for a one-on/one-off situation (OR) and ...

Figure 1 illustrates how YES, NOT, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates are implemented in RFL using a 2N7000 N-channel MOSFET and a 5V supply. (Note that the XOR and XNOR functions have been omitted here, ...

The common CMOS gates in Figure 1 have aninput threshold voltage in which the output swingsfrom logic zero to logic one, and vice versa. The thresholdvoltage depends on the supply voltage (Figure ...