A typical intermolecular potential ... they are coated with polymers (creating a short-range repulsive force between colloidal particles when compressed), or if the suspending liquid is modified ...

We note that isotropic optical forces between particles act instantly and can ... Israelachvili, J. N. Intermolecular and Surface Forces 2nd edn. London Academic Press (1991).

The stability and behavior of colloidal systems, such as emulsions and dispersions, are largely determined by the forces between the colloidal particles ... tool for unraveling the mysteries of ...