Applications "talk to" the operating system for all user interface and file management operations ... Programmers wrote their own input/output routines to read and write magnetic tape, where ...

An operating system is a collection (or suite ... known as pages and allocates enough pages to hold a program. Input and output devices, which are also known as peripherals, are hardware devices ...

This includes hardware functionality for your computer's input and output devices ... different primary functions of an operating system including the management of resources, devices, processes ...