The oscillator uses an inverted Wien-bridge topology with amplitude stabilization through an LED-driven CdS (cadmium-sulfide) photocell isolator. Using SPICE simulations before building the circuit, ...

Forget about complex microcontrollers and digital integrated circuits for a while. Let’s see how to make simplified sine wave oscillator circuits using components lying around. A square wave signal is ...

Making this circuit playable takes a little more experimentation ... Here, we rely on hysteresis to make our oscillator run. If you substituted an inverter without hysteresis, its output would ...

PLL’s are sweet circuits. In normal use ... To do that, we’ll build up an oscillator using our old friend the 40106. Use a nice large value capacitor (10uF is good) so that it’s got a ...