What are X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers? X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are a revolutionary type of X-ray source that produce ultra-short, highly intense pulses of X-rays. Unlike conventional X-ray ...

In particular, the lasing process in an undulator is closely connected to a tabletop X-Ray free-electron laser (XFEL). However, the lack of diagnostic techniques has made experimental measurement ...

These extremely short attosecond pulses also carry more energy—especially when generated using a free-electron laser, which can reach electrons deep inside the cores of atoms that were ...

Their findings were published in the journal Nature. To achieve this, the team used the FERMI free electron laser in Trieste, Italy, to generate specially prepared, extremely intense extreme ...

A novel method transforms common liquids into epsilon-near-zero materials using femtosecond laser pulses, enabling unique ...

Figure 1: Injection schemes in laser–plasma accelerators. In contrast to electrons, ions are best accelerated by a low-frequency (compared with the electron plasma wave frequency) or even a ...

Attosecond science allows the extremely fast movements of electron particles to be observed. This emerging field brings both opportunity and controversy.