A team of astrophysicists running numerical simulations believe that water may have existed a lot earlier in the universe ...

The prospect of a nanoscale light source emitting at a wavelength that can be tuned by the user is enticing for researchers working in many areas of nanoscience and technology, including the ...

Only those beach ball-like free electrons respond to the spectroscopy. Finally finding a way to isolate the illusive Dirac ...

Free radicals are unstable atoms or molecules with free outer electrons. This makes them highly reactive because free electrons always strive to form a stable bond. This stabilization involves gaining ...

To study the interactions between electrons in a material, physicists have come up with a number of tricks over the years.

Metals have lots of electrons, and some of them are free to move through the metal, so when they’re connected in a circuit, the electrons can easily flow. This flow of electric charge is called ...

When the free electrons absorb heat energy, they move much faster. As they move through the metal, free electrons crash into metal ions. This process is very much faster than conduction caused by ...

At high enough flight velocities, the intense heating of the gas generates a plasma layer around the vehicle. The presence of free electrons in the flow field has been known to hinder the transmission ...