Metals, as most know them, are good conductors of electricity. That's because the countless electrons in a metal like gold or ...

An atom is so small that a single drop of water contains more than a billion atoms. Although tiny, atoms are mostly empty space. The simplified model of the atom is that of a cloud of negative ...

It also tells us that chlorine has 18 neutrons (35 - 17) and, as the number of electrons and protons are equal in a neutral atom, chlorine also has 17 electrons. The relative mass of a nucleus is ...

Scientists have unlocked a new way to control ionization, the process where atoms lose electrons, using specially designed ...

Scientists have long used Gaussian beams to study how light interacts with matter. These beams resemble plane waves and rely ...

Scientists observed electron swirls in tantalum arsenide, revealing quantum vortex structures in momentum space.

Electrons oscillate around the nucleus of an atom on extremely short timescales, typically completing a cycle in just a few hundred attoseconds (one attosecond is a quintillionth of a second).

Pauli did not formulate his exclusion principle on the basis of classical theories or dynamical principles, but stated it as a simple postulate: that no two electrons in an atom can share the same ...

all-optical method for recording voltage changes using atom-thick semiconductors. The key lies in how these materials' electrons interact with light: when exposed to an electric field, they switch ...