The electron density distribution diagrams generated by the interaction of the petawatt laser with nitrogen gas jets for various nitrogen gas jet pressures at time instant 1000 fs.

When a crystal is hit by an intense ultrashort light pulse, its atomic structure is set in motion. A team of scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), the Technischen ...

The map of the cross-sectional view in the enlarged diagram clearly showed interruptions in the electron distribution surrounding the carbon atoms."When carbon forms bonds with surrounding atoms ...