Although amino acids are often shown in textbooks as the right-hand structure, they actually mostly exist as the left-hand structure. This table shows the abbreviations and single letter codes used ...

Hidden within the genetic code lies the "triplet code," a series of three nucleotides that determine a single amino acid. How did scientists discover and unlock this amino acid code? Once the ...

How can just four nitrogenous bases--adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil--possibly code for all 20 amino acids? Thus, early researchers quickly determined that the smallest combination of As ...