When inputs such as temperature, flow, or proximity pass a certain threshold, an analog sensor sends out a current or voltage signal to set a simple control loop into action. For instance, fans could ...

A solution to reach observability is integrating a sensor for one or more system variables. In control theory a lot of models have been developed but they all can be put down to two basic designs, the ...

More recently, closed-loop control of electronic fuel injection, with its many attendant advantages, has been realized. For this closed-loop system, a sensor has been developed that measures oxygen ...