Keywords: Blast, seismic, testing, composite columns, multi-hazard, retrofit, design, jacketed columns, concrete-filled steel tubes. Abstract: This report presents the results of an analytical and ...

• At least one structural metal member is in direct contact with the earth for 10 ft or more, with or without concrete encasement [250.52(A)(2)(1)]. • The bolts securing the structural steel column ...

“That’s a real problem,” he explained, “since the average age of the 400,000 steel-reinforced concrete bridges in the U.S. is 50 years, and there is no baseline data available for many of ...