Without an operating system, your computer cannot function. The first mainstream commercial operating system was Microsoft's DOS, a text-based disk operating system for computers that ran until ...

Moreover, running the operating system without essential security features ... is the only method that deletes everything on the computer, the in-place upgrade process can always go wrong.

The end user of a classical computer — be it a ... as simultaneous processes without them interfering with one another. Even the operating system itself does not interact directly with hardware ...