During the [Civil] war she rendered great service to the Union army in the ... in men’s garments… Secretary Stanton had a commission issued to her as major and surgeon of the army. Of course the ...

In the large general hospitals surgeons such as Reed ... castings and medication administration round out the daily work of a Civil War surgeon. The rivalry between the doctors, Byron Hale ...

In 1855 she received her M.D. from Syracuse Medical College. She was the only female surgeon to serve in the Civil War and was captured by Confederate soldiers in April of 1864. She was held prisoner ...

Civil War surgeons learned fast ... In 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg, the major general’s right leg was shattered by a ...

Surgeon General Joseph Barnes (Hammond’s successor ... most wartime physicians did embrace the use of anesthetics during the Civil War. Indeed, the sources overwhelming show that by the ...

The Union's armed forces engaged some 12,000 surgeons during the Civil War. Of these, just fourteen were men of color ... and offers some coverage of the general neglect of the health of African ...