It has been extremely difficult to determine what proportion of the fluid recovered by lavage represents alveolar fluid from the distal airways and alveoli, so-called epithelial lining fluid (ELF).

Importantly, while four of the five patients required at least one whole lung lavage (WLL ... Molgramostim works by stimulating alveolar macrophages that are otherwise impaired by antibodies ...

with a pivot to investigate how alveolar macrophages become impaired in PAP. Traditionally, treatment of PAP consists of placing the patient on a ventilator and performing a whole lung lavage ...